Constipation is a very common condition affecting the digestive system. It refers to infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. While occasional constipation is common, chronic constipation can significantly affect quality of life and may indicate an underlying condition that requires investigation.
Common symptoms associated with constipation include:
In many cases, constipation can be managed effectively with dietary and lifestyle changes. Increasing fibre intake, drinking plenty of fluids and regular physical exercise can all help to improve bowel function. Over-the-counter laxatives may be recommended for short-term relief.
Where constipation is persistent or associated with concerning symptoms such as bleeding, weight loss or a change in bowel habit, further investigation may be required. A gastroscopy or colonoscopy can help to identify or exclude underlying causes such as strictures, polyps or other bowel conditions. Blood tests and imaging may also be performed to check for metabolic or structural causes.
Treatment is directed towards the underlying cause and may include dietary advice, prescribed laxatives, biofeedback therapy or specialist medical therapies.
© R Goel